Protein embeddings filter ESM-C, ESM-2, ProtTrans, Ankh, SaProt, AMPLIFY
Protein variant effect / fitness filter ESM-1v, Tranception, EVE, PoET, ProteinNPT, Protriever
Protein structure from sequence filter ESMFold, AlphaFold2, OpenFold, OmegaFold
Protein / binder design filter ProteinMPNN, LigandMPNN, RFdiffusion, RFdiffusion2, Chai-2
De novo protein generation filter ESM3, ProGen2, Chroma, DPLM, EvoDiff, Genie 2
Antibody modeling filter IgLM, AntiBERTy, AbLang, BALM, p-IgGen, IgFold, AntiFold
Long genomic DNA modeling filter HyenaDNA, Caduceus, Nucleotide Transformer, Evo 2
Regulatory genomics / variant effect filter Enformer, Borzoi, AlphaGenome, Sei, Evo 2, GPN-MSA
RNA sequence / function filter RNA-FM, RiNALMo, ERNIE-RNA, Orthrus, UTR-LM
RNA structure (3D) filter RhoFold+, trRosettaRNA, DRfold, RoseTTAFoldNA
Single-cell embeddings filter Geneformer, scGPT, scFoundation, UCE, scPRINT, SCimilarity
Perturbation / virtual cell filter scGPT, STATE, Tahoe-x1, scFoundation
Pathology / histology (WSI) filter UNI, Virchow, CONCH, H-optimus, Prov-GigaPath, TITAN
Spatial transcriptomics filter Nicheformer, scGPT-spatial
Cell imaging / morphology filter OpenPhenom, SubCell, Cell-DINO
Molecular property / embeddings filter MoLFormer, Uni-Mol, ChemBERTa, MolCLR, Uni-Mol2
Molecular generation filter GenMol, SAFE-GPT, MolGPT, MegaMolBART, Megalodon
Biomolecular complexes filter AlphaFold 3, Chai-1, Boltz, Protenix, RoseTTAFold-AA, HelixFold3
Protein-ligand docking filter DiffDock, DiffDock-L, Uni-Mol Docking V2, Umol, FlowDock
Unified access layer filter Helical, CZI Virtual Cells, NVIDIA BioNeMo, AIDO
Benchmarks to evaluate on filter ProteinGym, BEND, scEval, TDC, Open Problems